Page of ENDOs Medical Terms

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ENDOs Medical Terms

ID	Term	Lay Term	Simplified Definition
1	Ablation Surgery	Tissue removal	A procedure that destroys endometrial spots using heat or laser.
2	Acupuncture	Needle therapy	An alternative therapy involving thin needles inserted into the body, used for pain relief.
4	Adhesions	Scar tissue	Scar tissue that can form between pelvic organs and tissues.
5	Adnexa	Reproductive appendages	Ovaries and fallopian tubes referred to collectively, often involved in endometriosis.
6	Adnexal Masses	Ovary or tube growths	Abnormal lumps found near the uterus, typically around the ovaries or fallopian tubes.
7	Analgesics	Painkillers	Pain relievers, ranging from everyday medicine to prescribed drugs.
8	Anti-inflammatory Diet	Inflammation-reducing foods	A diet focused on reducing inflammation (body reaction sometimes resulting in sweelling, irritation, etc.) through specific food choices, often recommended for endometriosis.
9	Autoimmune Response	Self-attack by immune system	A body's defense against one's own body, possibly linked to endometriosis.
10	Awareness Campaigns	Public education efforts	Initiatives aimed at increasing public knowledge about endometriosis and its impact.
11	Biofeedback	Mind-body therapy	A technique used to learn to control body's functions, used for pelvic floor dysfunction.
12	Biopsy	Tissue sample test	A diagnostic procedure that involves the extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease.
13	Bladder Involvement	Bladder affected tissue	Uterine lining growing near or on the bladder, which can cause pain or urinary issues
14	Bladder Symptoms	Urinary issues	Urinary symptoms such as pain during urination, associated with bladder endometriosis.
15	Body control training	Physical therapy exercises
16	Bowel Involvement	Intestinal affected tissue	The presence of uterine lining on the bowel, which can lead to pain during bowel movements or digestive symptoms.
17	Bowel Resection	Intestine surgery	A surgical procedure performed when a blockage of the intestines occurs.
18	Bowel Symptoms	Digestive issues	Digestive symptoms like pain during bowel movements, which may occur in endometriosis.
19	Cervix	Lower uterus part	The bottom part of the uterus (womb) situated at the top of the vagina.
20	Chocolate Cyst	Ovarian blood cyst	A type of ovary lump formed by uterine-like lining.
21	Chronic Condition	Long-term illness	A long-developing disease that can be managed but not cured.
22	Chronic Disease Management	Ongoing illness care	Ongoing management and treatment of diseases that are long-lasting and persistent.
23	Chronic Fatigue	Persistent tiredness	Persistent tiredness often reported by endometriosis patients, not relieved by rest.
24	Chronic Inflammation	Long-term swelling	Long-term swelling and irritation in the body.
25	Chronic Pelvic Pain	Long-term lower abdomen pain	Ongoing pain in the pelvic region, not only associated with menstrual periods.
26	Clinical Pathways	Treatment plans	Standardised care plans for managing specific conditions.
27	Clinical Trials	Medical research studies	Research studies that test how well new medical approaches work in people.
28	Complementary Medicine	Alternative treatments	A group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine.
29	Conservative Surgery	Minimal surgery	Surgery aimed at removing endometriosis tissue while preserving fertility.
30	Contrast Enhancement	Improved imaging clarity	A technique where a special dye is injected to make certain tissues show up more clearly in the images, helping to differentiate tissues.
31	Cul-de-sac	Pelvic cavity area	A common site for endometriosis spots, at the back of the uterus.
32	Cytokines	Immune system proteins	Small proteins involved in cell communication, highly active in endometriosis.
33	Danazol	Hormone treatment	A synthetic hormone used in the past for endometriosis treatment.
34	Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis	Severe endometriosis	A severe form of endometriosis that penetrates deeply into the pelvic cells and organs
35	Diagnostic Delay	Late diagnosis	Common issue with endometriosis, where diagnosis is often delayed due to non-specific symptoms.
36	Diagnostic Tools	Testing methods	Methods and devices used to identify diseases.
37	Dietary Modifications	Diet changes	Changes in diet to improve health outcomes, such as reducing foods that might exacerbate inflammation.
38	Disease Progression	Illness worsening	How a disease develops and changes over time.
39	Dysmenorrhea	Painful periods	Painful menstrual cramps, which can be a symptom of endometriosis.
40	Dyspareunia	Painful sex	Pain during or after having sex.
41	Empowerment in Healthcare	Patient empowerment	Giving patients the knowledge and power to make decisions about their health.
42	Endocrine Disruptors	Hormone-interfering chemicals	Chemicals that can interfere with hormone systems, potentially influencing endometriosis.
43	Endocrine System	Hormone system	The collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate energy processing, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
44	Endometrial Biopsy	Uterus lining test	A procedure to take a small tissue sample from the lining of the uterus.
45	Endometrial Cells	Uterus lining cells	Cells that line the inside of the uterus.
46	Endometrial Shedding	Uterus lining loss	The process of the uterine lining being shed during menstruation.
47	Endometrial Stromal Cells	Uterus support cells	Cells that make up the uterine walls, can grow outside the uterus in endometriosis.
48	Endometrial-like Tissue	Similar uterus tissue	Tissue similar to that lining the uterus, which grows abnormally in endometriosis.
49	Endometriosis	Tissue that is similar to the inner lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus	A disorder in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside of the uterine cavity.
50	Endometriosis Associations	Endometriosis groups	Organisations dedicated to supporting those affected by endometriosis through resources, education, and advocacy.
51	Endometriosis Staging	Endometriosis severity levels	The process of classifying the extent of endometriosis from Stage I (minimal) to Stage IV (severe) based on location, amount, depth, and size of endometrial spots.
52	Epigenetics	Gene expression changes	The study of environmental influences on gene activity.
54	Estrogen Dominance	High estrogen levels	A situation where there is too much estrogen relative to progesterone, aggravating endometriosis.
55	Evidence-Based Practice	Research-backed care	Using the best current research to make medical decisions.
56	Excision Surgery	Tissue removal surgery	Surgical removal of endometrial spots.
57	Exercise Therapy	Physical activity treatment	Physical activity planned to improve health or recover from illness.
58	Fat-Saturation Techniques	Fat Removal Imaging	An MRI technique used to make fat less visible on scans, which helps in seeing other tissues more clearly.
59	Fertility Treatment	Pregnancy help	Medical strategies used to assist individuals in becoming pregnant.
60	Fibroids	Uterine growths	Benign (non-cancer) growths of muscle and scar tissue due to hormonal factors and forming in the uterus. These are often confused with the symptoms of endometriosis.
61	Fibrosis	Scar tissue formation	Excessive scar tissue due to injury, inflammation or ongoing disease and can occur in any organ.
62	Fossa of Douglas Obliteration	Pelvic space closure	When the space between the uterus and rectum (normally clear) becomes closed off due to excessive scar tissue formation, indicating severe endometrosis.
63	Genetics of Endometriosis	Hereditary endometriosis	Study of hereditary factors that influence the likelihood of developing endometriosis.
64	Gonadotropin- releasing Hormone	Hormone regulator	Hormones that control the release of sex hormones from the hormone control center.
65	Gynaecologist	Women's health doctor	A doctor specialising in female reproductive health.
66	Health Advocacy	Health support efforts	Support and promotion of health rights and services.
67	Health Literacy	Health knowledge	The ability to understand and use health information.
68	Healthcare Access	Medical care availability	The availability of healthcare services to people.
69	Hemorrhagic Cysts	Blood-filled cysts	Blood-filled sacs, typically on the ovaries, often associated with endometriosis
70	High Signal Intensity	Bright MRI signal	Stand out areas on MRI images, typically indicating the presence of specific substances or tissues.
71	Holistic Approaches	Whole-person care	Treatments that consider all factors affecting a person's health.
72	Holistic Health	Overall wellness	An approach to life that considers multidimensional aspects of wellness, it encourages individuals to transcend the physical and mental limitations of illness.
73	Hormonal Therapy	Hormone treatment	Treatment using hormones to reduce or manage endometriosis symptoms.
74	Hormone Imbalance	Hormone Imbalance	When the body's hormones are not at normal levels.
75	Hydrosalpinx		A condition where a tube is blocked and filled with fluid, which can be a consequence of inflammation from endometriosis.
76	Hypoechoic Lesions	Low-echo spots	Dark-looking areas on ultrasound scans, often representing fluid-filled cysts or endometrial tissue.
77	Hysterectomy	Uterus removal	Surgical removal of the uterus, sometimes used as a treatment for severe endometriosis.
78	Immune Modulation Therapy	Immune system adjustment	Treatment aimed at modifying the body's defense reaction, under investigation for endometriosis.
79	Immunotherapy	Immune system stimulation	Treatments aimed at upping, lowering or balancing the body's defenses.
80	Infertility	Inability to conceive	Difficulty in becoming pregnant. Often associated with endometriosis.
81	Inflammation	Inflammation	Body?s response to injury or irritation, often found in endometriosis.
82	Inpatient Care	Hospital care	Treatments that require staying in a hospital.
83	Integrated Care	Integrated Care	A healthcare approach that coordinates services across providers, settings, and sectors to deliver seamless, patient-centered care.
84	Integrative Medicine	Combined conventional and alternative medicine	Combining conventional medical treatments with alternative therapies for holistic care.
85	In Vitro Fertilisation	Lab-assisted pregnancy	A procedure in which eggs are fertilised by sperm outside the body.
86	Laparoscopy	Keyhole surgery	A surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat endometriosis involving a small cut and the use of a camera.
87	Laparotomy	Abdominal surgery	A large abdominal surgery used to remove endometrial spots or for other reasons.
88	Letrozole	Hormone blocker	A medication sometimes used to manage endometriosis by reducing estrogen (sex hormone) levels.
89	Lifestyle Changes	Lifestyle Changes	Adjustments in daily habits and routines to improve health and manage disease symptoms.
90	Lymphatic System	Body's Drainage and Defense System.	The network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste, and other unwanted materials.
91	Medical Ethics	Healthcare principles	The moral principles guiding medical practice.
92	Medical Guidelines	Medical recommendations	Recommendations to doctors for treating certain conditions.
93	Medical Imaging	Body scans	Techniques and processes used to create images of the human body for diagnosis purposes or medical science.
95	Menopause	End of menstruation	The end of a woman's menstrual cycles, sometimes easing endometriosis symptoms.
96	Menorrhagia	Heavy periods	Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
97	Menstrual Diary	Menstrual Diary	A tool used by patients to track menstrual cycles, symptoms, and pain levels.
98	Menstrual Health	Menstrual Health	Pertains to the complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the menstrual cycle.
99	Menstrual Health Education	Menstrual Health Education	Teaching about menstrual cycles and related health.
100	Mental Health Care	Mental Health Care	Services and treatments focused on improving mental health.
101	Mind-Body Techniques	Mind-body wellness techniques	Practices like meditation, yoga, and stress management, helpful for chronic pain conditions.
102	Mirena	The Coil	A T-shaped plastic device that is placed in the uterus and releases a hormone that helps manage menstral symptoms including those from endometriosis
103	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Detailed body scan	Advanced imaging technique used to get detailed images of organs and tissues.
104	Natural Pain Relief	Natural pain management	Methods of pain relief that do not involve pharmaceuticals, such as physical therapy, heat, ice, meditation, and acupuncture.
105	Nodules	Small lumps	Small, abnormal tissue growths, which in the case of endometriosis, are made of endometrial-like tissue.
106	Non-Invasive Treatment	Non-surgical treatment	Treatments that don't involve surgery or breaking the skin.
107	Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs	Anti-inflammatory drugs	Medications that reduce inflammation and pain but are not steroids
108	Nutritional Support	Dietary support	Diet and supplements that help manage health conditions.
109	Omega-3 Fatty Acids	Healthy fats	Essential Fats (not made by the body) with anti-inflammatory properties that can help with endometrial symptoms
110	Oophorectomy	Ovary removal	Surgical removal of one or both ovaries.
111	Oral Contraceptives	Birth control pills	Birth control pills used to manage menstrual cycle and reduce symptoms of endometriosis.
112	Outpatient Care	Clinic visits	Medical services that don?t require an overnight hospital stay.
113	Ovarian Cysts	Fluid filled sacs	Fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries, which can be symptomatic of endometriosis when they are specifically endometriomas.
114	Ovarian Reserve	Egg supply	A term used to describe the capacity of the ovary to provide egg cells capable of fertilisation.
115	Pain Clinic	Pain treatment center	A medical facility specialising in the management of chronic pain.
116	Pain Management	Pain Management	Techniques and medications used to alleviate pain.
117	Pain Perception	Pain Perception	How a person experiences and interprets pain.
118	Pain Scale	Pain rating	A tool used to quantify pain intensity, often used for either research or regular consultation to assess treatment effectiveness.
119	Painful Bladder Syndrome	Bladder pain condition	A condition characterised by pain associated with the bladder, often overlapping with endometriosis symptoms.
120	Palliative Care	End-of-life care	Care aimed at providing relief from symptoms and stress of a serious illness.
121	Patient Advocacy	Patient support	Efforts to support and empower patients to navigate healthcare systems and obtain appropriate care.
122	Patient Education	Patient information	Information provided to patients to help manage their health.
123	Patient-Centred Care	Patient-Centred Care	Healthcare that involves the patient at all stages of the care.
125	Pelvic Adhesive Disease	Pelvic scar tissue	Condition involving scar tissue formation in the pelvic area causing organs and tissues to stick together.
126	Pelvic Congestion Syndrome	Pelvic Varicose Veins	Chronic pelvic pain and pressure as a result of blood pooling in the veins of the pelvis
127	Pelvic Exam	Pelvic check-up	A physical examination of the female pelvic organs.
128	Pelvic Floor Dysfunction	Pelvic muscle issues	Issues with the muscles of the pelvic area, often seen in endometriosis patients.
129	Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy	Pelvic muscle therapy	Therapy to manage and rehabilitate the pelvic muscles.
130	Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	Pelvic infection	Infection of the female reproductive organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and cervix), sometimes confused with endometriosis.
131	Pelvic Inflammatory Response	Pelvic inflammation	The body's response to pelvic area infections or irritations.
132	Pelvic Pain	Pelvic Pain	Chronic pain occurring in the lower abdomen and pelvic region, often associated with endometriosis.
133	Pelvic Scarring	Pelvic scarring	Scar tissue in the pelvic area, often from surgery or endometriosis.
134	Perimenopause	Transition to menopause	The transitional phase before menopause when the body starts to produce less oestrogen.
135	Peritoneal Inclusion Cysts	Abdominal fluid cysts	Fluid-filled sacs trapped by scar tissue in the pelvic cavity, often related to inflammation or previous surgical scars.
136	Peritoneum	Abdominal lining	The innermost lining of the abdominopelvic cavity that can be affected by endometriosis
137	Personalised Medicine	Personalised Medicine	Tailoring medical treatment to individual characteristics.
138	Progesterone	Female hormone	A female sex hormone that helps regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
139	Progesterone Resistance	Hormone resistance	A situation where the body does not react adequately to progesterone (female sex hormone), often seen in endometriosis patients.
140	Prostaglandins	Pain-causing chemicals	Fats that have hormone-like effects, involved in pain, inflammation and uterine contractions.
141	Public Health Initiatives	Health improvement programs	Programs designed to improve health at the community level.
142	Quality of Care	Quality of Care	The standard of health services provided.
143	Quality of Life (QOL)	Quality of Life (QOL)	A measure used to evaluate the general well-being of individuals and societies.
144	Radical Surgery	Extensive surgery	Extensive surgery where more reproductive organs may be removed.
145	Rectosigmoid Colon Involvement	Rectosigmoid colon affected	When uterine-like tissue affects the lower end of bowel, potentially leading to pain and bowel changes.
146	Rectovaginal Septum	Tissue between rectum and vagina	Area between the rectum and vagina where endometriosis can infiltrate deeply.
147	Reproductive Rights	Reproductive freedoms	Rights regarding reproductive health decisions.
148	Research Funding	Research money	Money provided for scientific studies on specific topics.
149	Retrograde Menstruation	Backward menstrual flow	The backflow of menstrual blood containing endometrial cells into the pelvic cavity.
150	Sexual Health	Sexual Health	A state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality, it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction, or infirmity.
151	Specialist Referral	Specialist appointment	When a general doctor sends a patient to a specialist.
152	Stress Management	Stress reduction	Techniques and therapies designed to reduce stress, which can exacerbate endometriosis symptoms.
153	Subfertility	Reduced fertility	Reduced level of fertility with prolonged time of unwanted non-conception.
154	Subovarian Adhesions	Under-ovary scar tissue	Scar tissue located under the ovaries, often a result of inflammation like that caused by endometriosis.
155	Supplements	Supplements	Vitamins, minerals, and other substances taken to support health, sometimes used by those with endometriosis.
156	Support Groups	Support groups	Groups that offer support and information to people with endometriosis or their family members.
157	Supportive Care	Supportive Care	Services that help meet the physical, emotional, and social needs of patients.
158	Surgical Mapping	Surgical planning	A detailed examination during surgery to identify all affected areas.
159	Surgical Menopause	Surgery-induced menopause	The cessation of menstruation that occurs after the surgical removal of the ovaries.
160	Surgical Outcomes	Surgical Outcomes	The results and effects of surgeries.
161	Symptom Journaling	Symptom Journaling	The practice of keeping a daily record of symptoms to help identify patterns or triggers.
162	Symptom Relief	Symptom management	Ways to ease symptoms without necessarily curing the disease.
163	T1 and T2 Weighted Images	MRI scan types	Types of MRI images that help differentiate between various types of tissues based on how they respond to magnetic fields, crucial for detailed imaging.
164	Therapeutic Options	Treatment Options	Different types of treatments available for a disease or medical situation.
165	Transvaginal Ultrasound	Vaginal Ultrasound	An ultrasound conducted through the vagina to provide better images of female pelvic organs.
166	Trigger Points	Muscle Knots	Discrete, focal, hyperirritable spots located in a taut band of skeletal muscle, they may be tender to touch and can refer pain to other locations.
167	Ultrasound	Ultrasound	An imaging test used to visualise the pelvic organs and detect abnormalities.
168	Ureter Involvement	Ureter Involvement	The presence of uterine-like tissue affecting the ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), which can cause urinary issues.
169	Uterosacral Ligaments	Pelvic support ligaments	Structures that may be affected by endometriosis, potentially causing pain.
170	Visceral Manipulation	Organ massage therapy	A form of physical therapy focusing on the internal organs, used by some practitioners to treat endometriosis symptoms.
171	Wellness Programs	Health improvement programs	Activities and resources designed to improve health.
172	Adhesiolysis	Removal of Scar Tissue	Surgical removal of scar tissue
173	Adjuvants	Add-On Therapies	A therapy used in conjunction with another, ie. hormonal treatment after surgery.
174	Adnexal torsion	Ovarian Twisting	A twisting of the ovary or (rarely) the Fallopian tube.
175	Aetiology	Cause of Disease	The cause and nature of a disease or illness.
176	Alkaline haematin method	Hemoglobin Measurement Technique	This measures menstrual blood loss by collecting sanitary products and extracting the blood.
177	Amenorrhoea	Absence of Menstrual Periods	Refers to a woman who is not having her period.
178	Anaemia	Low Red Blood Cell Count	A reduced blood count that results in a lack of oxygen to the tissues.
179	Aneuploidy	Abnormal Number of Chromosomes	The loss or gain of one or more chromosomes.
180	Anovulation	No Ovulation	The absence of ovulation. A woman can still be having menstrual periods, but she is not ovulating.
181	Anovulatory bleeding	Irregular Menstrual Bleeding Without Ovulation	The type of menstruation associated with absence of ovulation ? it may be spotty and of short duration, or heavy, or in irregular patterns.
182	Antepartum	Before Birth	The pre-delivery pregnancy period.
183	Antifibrinolytics	Medications that reduce excessive bleeding	Medicines used to thicken the blood by slowing down the breakdown of clots to reduce blood loss.
184	Ascites	Abdominal Fluid Buildup	The build up of fluid in the abdomen (making it swollen and bloated).
185	Asherman’s syndrome	Scar Tissue in the Uterus	A condition where the uterine (womb) walls adhere to one another. Usually caused by inflammation of the uterus.
186	Assisted reproductive technology	Fertility Treatments	The term used to describe several procedures used to bring about conception without sexual intercourse, including IUI, IVF, GIFT, and ZIFT
187	Atrophy	Tissue Wasting	Loss of tissue or decrease in the size of an organ.
188	Bacterial vaginosis infection	Bacterial Infection of the Vagina	A vaginal infection that causes a burning sensation and a grey, malodorous, discharge. May interfere with fertility.
189	Beta hCG test	Pregnancy Hormone Test	A blood test used to detect very early pregnancies and to evaluate the development of the embryo.
190	Bicornuate uterus	Heart-Shaped Uterus	A congenital malformation of the uterus where the upper portion (horn) is duplicated.
191	Bilateral oophorectormy	Removal of Both Ovaries	Removal of both ovaries
192	Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy	Removal of Both Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes	Removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes
193	Blastocyst	Early Stage Embryo	The very early embryo that will, eventually, form the foetus
194	Caesarian section	Caesarian section	An operation to deliver a baby through a cut made in the tummy and womb. The cut is usually made across the tummy, just below your bikini line.
195	Candidiasis	Yeast Infection	A yeast infection that may be uncomfortable and itchy (also referred to as candida albicans).
196	Cervical mucus	Cervical mucus	Secretions produced by the cervix, which prevents sperm and bacteria from entering the womb. However, at mid-cycle, under the influence of oestrogen, the mucus becomes thin, watery, and stringy to allow sperm to pass into the womb
197	Cervical neoplasia	Abnormal Cervical Cells	Cells with abnormal aspect in the cervix that are not cancerous but sometimes develop into a cancer.
198	Cervical stenosis	Narrowing of the Cervix	A blockage of the cervical canal (narrow passageway that connects the vagina to the womb).
199	Chlamydia	Chlamydia	A sexually transmitted infection caused by the microorganism chlamydia trachomatis.
200	Cilia	Tiny Hair-like Structures	Tiny hairlike projections lining the inside surface of the fallopian tubes. The waving action of these ?hairs? sweeps the egg toward the uterus.
201	Coagulation	Blood Clotting	A method of destroying endometriosis by dehydrating the cells.
202	Complete Blood Count	Blood Test	A routine blood test that analyses the three major types of cells in blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
203	Cone biopsy	Cervical Tissue Removal	A surgical procedure used to remove pre-cancerous cells from the cervix.
204	Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation	Fertility Hormone Treatment	COH is when there is close monitoring of the use of fertility drugs to stimulate a large number of follicles in the ovary to develop and ovulate.
205	Corpus luteum	Hormone-Secreting Body	The special gland that forms in the ovary at the site of the released egg following ovulation. This gland produces the hormone progesterone, which is responsible for preparing and supporting the uterine lining for implantation
206	Culdoscopy	Pelvic Exam with a Scope	A procedure by which an endoscope and light can be inserted through the posterior (back) wall of the vagina to examine the pelvic organs
207	Cystocele	Bladder Prolapse	Prolapse of the bladder into the vagina. This can be seen as a bulge from the anterior (front) wall of the vagina.
208	Dilation and curettage	Scraping of the Uterus	Surgical dilation of the cervix followed by surgical scraping of the interior of the uterine cavity with a currette (spoon-shaped surgical instrument) to remove growths (eg. pregnancy, tumours, etc) or diseased tissue.
209	Dysfunctional uterine bleeding	Abnormal Menstrual Bleeding	Bleeding from the uterus that is abnormal, either in the amount of blood lost or the timing of the bleeding (or both)
210	Ectopic pregnancy	Fallopian Pregnancy	A pregnancy outside of the uterus, usually in the Fallopian tube
211	Embryo	Early Stage Baby	The early stages of foetal growth, from conception to the eighth week of pregnancy.
212	Endometrial neoplasia	Abnormal Uterine Cells	Any new or abnormal growth on the lining of the uterus, that may or may not be malignant
213	Endometrial thinning	Thin Uterine Lining	Thinning of the uterine wall.
214	Endometritis	Uterine Infection	An inflammation or irritation of the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). It is not the same as endometriosis. It is typically caused by infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, tuberculosis, or mixtures of normal vaginal bacteria
215	Endometrium	Uterine Lining	The mucus membrane (lining of the uterus) which grows and sheds in response to oestrogen and progesterone stimulation
216	Enterocele	Intestinal Prolapse	A true herniation into the top of the vagina.
217	Endoscopy	Internal Camera Exam	The visualisation of the internal organs and cavities of the body with illuminated optic instruments such as a laparoscope.
218	Endothelial cells	Lining Cells of Blood Vessels	Simple cells forming the lining of all blood vessels and lymphatics.
219	Ethamsylate	Bleeding Control Medication	A drug used to reduce or prevent excessive bleeding
220	Fallopian tube	Tubes Connecting Ovaries to Uterus	The narrow tube that carries the egg (ovum) from the ovary to the uterus. Women usually have two fallopian tubes
221	Fimbria	Egg-catching fingers of the fallopian tube	Sweep the released egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube during ovulation.
222	Follicle	Egg container in the ovary	A follicle refers to a small, fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains an immature egg. During the menstrual cycle, one follicle typically grows larger and matures, releasing an egg during ovulation
223	Fibrinolysis	Blood Clot Breakdown	Treatment used to dissolve blood clots
224	Genital prolapse	Pelvic Organ Prolapse	The dropping down of the vagina or uterus from their usual position.
225	Genitourinary	Reproductive and Urinary Systems	Related to the genital and urinary systems of the body
226	Gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue	Hormone Therapy	A class of drugs that are used to prevent the ovaries from releasing eggs too early during an In Vitro Fertilization cycle.
227	Gonorrhoea	STD Infection	A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria called neisseria gonorrhoeae or gonococcus. It used to be known as ?the clap?.
228	Haemoperitoneum	Blood in the Abdomen	Escape of blood in the peritoneal cavity.
229	Haemorrhage	Severe Bleeding	A significant loss of blood (if severe enough it may require a blood transfusion).
230	Haemostasis	Stopping Bleeding	The arrest of bleeding.
231	Hirsutism	Excessive Hair Growth	Excessive body and facial hair found in women with excess androgens.
232	Histology	Study of Tissues	The laboratory examination of the structure, composition, and function of body tissues.
233	Hostile mucus	Unfavorable Cervical Mucus	Cervical mucus that impedes the natural progress of sperm through the cervical canal (narrow passageway that connects the vagina to the womb).
234	Hypermenorrhea	Heavy Menstrual Bleeding	Excessive uterine bleeding at regular intervals such as with menstruation (the menstrual period).
235	Hyperplasia	Excessive Cell Growth	An abnormal increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to excessive growth of new (normal) cells
236	Hyperthyroidism	Overactive Thyroid	Overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland (a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of your neck, just below the Adam's apple).
237	Hysterosalpingectomy	Removal of Uterus and Fallopian Tube	The surgical removal of the uterus and the fallopian tubes
238	Hysterosalpingogram	X-ray of Uterus and Fallopian Tubes	A specialised x-ray of the pelvic organs in which a radio-opaque dye is injected through the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes. This test checks for malformations of the uterus and blockage of the fallopian tubes
239	Hysteroscope	Uterus Viewing Tool	A small telescope that is inserted into the vagina to look at the inside of the uterus (womb)
240	Hysteroscopy	Uterus Examination	A procedure where the uterus is examined with a hysteroscope to look for any abnormality. Minor surgical repairs can be carried out during the procedure.
241	Hysterotomy	Surgical Incision in the Uterus	An incision / cut into the uterus (womb).
242	Iatrogenic	Caused by medical activity	A complication, problem, or adverse reaction as a result of medical treatment.
243	Idiopathic menorrhagia	Heavy Menstrual Bleeding with Unknown Cause	Heavy menstrual bleeding with no known cause.
244	Imperforate hymen	Closed Hymen	A condition where the membrane (hymen) covering the vagina fails to open and allow menstrual flow.
245	Intermenstrual bleeding	Bleeding Between Periods	Bleeding that occurs in the middle of a cycle between menstrual periods
246	Intramural extension	Growth Within Wall	Something that extends from within the wall of an organ in the body.
247	Intrauterine	Inside the Uterus	Inside the uterus (womb).
248	Intravaginal	Inside the Vagina	Within the vagina.
249	Karyotyping	Chromosome Analysis	A test performed to analyse chromosomes, usually to check for the presence of genetic defects
250	Luteal phase	Second Half of Menstrual Cycle	The days of the menstrual cycle, following ovulation and ending with menstruation (if the woman doesn?t become pregnant).
251	Mefenamic acid	Pain Relief Medication	A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which reduces inflammation, pain, and menstrual blood loss
252	Mesovarium	Ovary Support Tissue	The upper free portion of the broad ligament, above the proper ovarian ligament and investing the Fallopian tube
253	Metaplasia	cell type change	Metaplasia is a process where one type of cell in the body changes into another type of cell that is not normally found in that location. This usually happens as a response to chronic irritation, stress, or injury to tissues.
254	Metrorrhagia	Bleeding between periods	Menstrual spotting during the middle of the cycle.
255	Miscarriage	Pregnancy Loss	Spontaneous loss of an embryo or foetus from the womb.
256	Mittleschmerz	Ovulation Pain	Pain in the lower abdomen at the time of ovulation
257	Mobile uterus	Flexible Uterus	A uterus that moves freely when examined (ie. normal).
258	Myomectomy	Fibroid Removal Surgery	Surgery performed to remove fibroids (non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus (womb), they are made of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size from very small to quite large).
259	Myometrium	Uterine Muscle Layer	The middle, muscular, layer of the uterus (which is what is affected if you have adenomyosis)
260	Neoplasm	Mass, Lump or growth	Any new or abnormal growth, such as a tumour that can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
261	Norethisterone	Hormonal Medication	A progesterone only oral contraceptive pill, often used for controlling menstrual blood loss.
262	Oestradiol	Female Hormone	The female sex hormone produced in the ovary. Its production is signaled by the pituitary gland in the brain and is responsible for formation of the female secondary sex characteristics. It supports the growth of the follicle and the development of the uterine lining.
263	Oligomenorrhea	Infrequent Periods	Infrequent menstrual periods
264	Omentum	Abdominal Fat Layer	A membranous double layer of fatty tissue that covers and supports the intestines and organs in the lower abdominal area
265	Oocyte	Egg Cell	The egg
266	Ovarian follicle	Egg Sac	The ovum (egg) together with its surrounding cells, located within the ovary.
267	Ovulation	Egg Release	The mid-cyclical occurrence when an egg is released from the ovary and picked up by the fallopian tubes and guided into the uterus where it will either be fertilised or discarded with menstruation.
268	Pap smear	Cervical Cancer Test	A screening test for pre-cancerous changes of the uterine cervix.
269	Perineal	Area Between Genitals and Anus	The thickened part between the anal and vaginal openings.
270	Pouch of Douglas	Pelvic Cavity	A ?pouch? situated between the uterus and the sigmoid colon (the part of the large intestine closest to the anus). A common place to find endometriosis.
271	Rectocele	Rectal Bulge	Prolapse of the rectum into the vagina. This can be seen as a bulge from the lower wall of the vagina
272	Recto-vaginal Septum	Tissue between rectum and vagina	Area between the rectum and vagina where endometriosis can infiltrate deeply.
273	Resectoscope	Surgical Viewing Tool	A surgical tool for scraping off the lining of the uterus.
274	Sacroiliac	Hip-Spine connection	A joint in lower back where the spine meets the pelvis. A number of conditions, including endometriosis, may cause discomfort in this area.
276	Salpingostomy	Fallopian Tube Surgery	Surgical repair made to the fallopian tubes, a procedure used to open the fimbria (finger-like projections located at the end of each fallopian tube, near the ovaries).
277	Septate uterus	Divided Uterus	A uterus divided into right and left halves by a wall of tissue (septum). Women with a septate uterus have an increased risk of early pregnancy loss.
278	Tranexamic acid	Blood clotting medication	A drug used to prevent excessive menstrual bleeding
279	Trichomonas	Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Infection	An infection that may produce a greenish, bad-smelling, vaginal discharge.
280	Unicornuate uterus	One-Sided Uterus	An abnormality in which the uterus is ?one sided? and smaller than usual.
281	Uterine polyps	Growths in the Uterus	Abnormal, benign (non-cancerous) growths that form on the inner lining of the uterus
282	Vaginal atrophy	Thinning of Vaginal Walls	A decrease in size and shrinkage of the vagina. It usually occurs after the menopause and can cause symptoms such as vaginal dryness, itching, and painful intercourse.
283	Vaginitis	Vaginal Inflammation	Inflammation of the vagina
284	Vaporisation	Tissue Removal by Heat	A method of destroying endometriosis by boiling of the cellular water with a laser or electrosurgical knife.
285	Vault haematoma	Blood Collection After Surgery	A blood clot in the vagina or vaginal vault.
286	Pelvic	Pelvic	The region of the body located between the abdomen and the legs, containing the pelvis bones and surrounding organs.
287	Ovarian failure	Ovarian failure	A condition where the ovaries stop working properly, leading to a decrease in hormone production and menstrual periods.
288	Symptomatic	Showing Symptoms	Having signs or symptoms of a disease or condition.
289	Ovarian fossa	Ovary Pocket	A shallow depression in the pelvis where the ovary sits.. Endometriosis can cause pain or lesions in this area.
290	Periureteral	Around the Ureter	The area or tissues surrounding the ureter, which is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. Endometriosis can sometimes affect this area, causing pain or urinary problems.
291	Fallopian tubes	Fallopian tubes	Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus, through which eggs travel. Endometriosis can block or damage these tubes, leading to fertility issues.
292	Allen-Masters window	Pelvic Opening from Injury	A defect or tear in the tissue supporting the uterus, often associated with endometriosis. It can cause pain and other symptoms related to the condition.
293	Fibroconnective	Connective Tissue	Tissue that supports and connects different parts of the body, made up of fibrous proteins. In endometriosis, abnormal growths can develop in these tissues, causing pain and scarring.
294	Supracervical Hysterectomy	Partial Uterus Removal	A surgical procedure where the upper part of the uterus is removed, but the cervix is left in place. This procedure may be done to relieve severe symptoms of endometriosis.
295	Salpingectomy	Removal of Fallopian Tube	Surgical removal of one or both of the fallopian tubes.
296	Atrophic	Thinning	Refers to the thinning and weakening of tissues. In endometriosis, certain treatments can cause tissues to become atrophic, reducing symptoms.
297	Salpingitis	Fallopian Tube Infection	Inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which can be caused by endometriosis or infections. This condition can lead to pain and fertility problems.
298	Paratubal	Near the Fallopian Tubes	Located near or around the fallopian tubes. Endometriosis can cause growths or cysts in these areas.
299	Pelvic adhesion	Scar Tissue in Pelvis	Bands of scar tissue that form between pelvic organs. Endometriosis can cause these adhesions, which can result in pain and complications with organ function.
300	Uterosacral	Uterus supporting ligaments	Relating to the ligaments that connect the uterus to the sacrum (the lower part of the spine). Endometriosis can cause lesions or scarring on these ligaments, resulting in chronic pelvic pain.
301	Parautereral	Around the Uterus	Situated around or near the uterus. Endometriosis can lead to growths or adhesions in these areas, causing pain and other symptoms.
302	Cul de sac	Pelvic cavity area	A common site for endometriosis spots, at the back of the uterus.
303	Hemosiderin	Iron Storage Protein	A pigment derived from hemoglobin that stores iron in tissues. In endometriosis, deposits of hemosiderin can be found in areas of bleeding and tissue damage, indicating old blood.
304	Ureter	Kidney-to-Bladder tube	The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. Endometriosis can cause pain or blockage in the ureters, leading to urinary issues.
305	Dysuria	Painful Urination	Painful or difficult urination. This can be a symptom of endometriosis if the condition affects the bladder or ureters.
306	Cystitis	Inflamed Bladder	Inflammation of the bladder, often causing pain and a frequent need to urinate. Endometriosis can sometimes involve the bladder, leading to symptoms similar to cystitis
307	Excretory urogram	Kidney X-ray	An imaging test that uses X-rays to visualize the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. This test can help detect abnormalities caused by endometriosis affecting the urinary system.
308	Urography	Urinary Tract Imaging	A type of imaging used to examine the structure and function of the urinary tract. It helps in diagnosing issues like blockages or abnormalities that could be related to endometriosis.
309	Ultrasonography	Ultrasound Scan	A diagnostic imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of internal organs. It is commonly used to detect endometriosis-related cysts or abnormalities in the pelvic region.
310	Cystoscopy	Bladder Camera Exam	A procedure where a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. This allows doctors to look inside the bladder and urethra to check for abnormalities, which can help diagnose urinary issues related to endometriosis.
311	Epithelium	Surface Layer	The layer of cells that lines the surfaces of organs and structures in the body, such as the bladder and the uterus. In endometriosis, tissue similar to the uterine epithelium grows outside the uterus.
312	Cystoscopic	Using a bladder camera	Related to or involving cystoscopy, which is the procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. This can help detect issues caused by endometriosis affecting the urinary tract.
313	Transurethral	Through the Urethra	A term describing procedures or treatments that are performed through the urethra. For example, a transurethral resection is a procedure to remove abnormal tissue via the urethra, which may be necessary if endometriosis affects the bladder.
314	Curettage	Scraping Procedure	A surgical procedure where tissue is scraped from the lining of an organ, such as the uterus. This procedure can be used to remove endometrial tissue.
315	Cytology	Cell Study	The study of cells, often used to diagnose diseases. In the context of endometriosis, cytology might be used to examine cells from the uterus or bladder to detect abnormal growths.
316	Hydroureteronephrosis	Swelling of Kidney and Ureter	Swelling of the kidney and ureter (the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder) due to a blockage, which can be caused by endometriosis affecting the urinary tract.
317	Urolithiasis	Kidney Stones	The formation of stones in the urinary system, such as the kidneys or bladder. While not directly related to endometriosis, endometrial growths could potentially lead to urinary blockages, increasing the risk of stone formation.
318	Ureterography	Ureter X-ray	An imaging test to visualize the ureters, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. This test can help detect blockages or abnormalities caused by endometriosis.
319	Ureteral	Related to the Ureter	Relating to the ureters. In endometriosis, the ureters can be affected by endometrial tissue, causing pain or urinary issues.
320	Renography	Kidney Scan	An imaging test to assess kidney function and structure. This test can help determine if endometriosis is affecting the kidneys or urinary tract.
321	Menarche	First Menstrual Period	The first occurrence of menstruation in a young woman. Endometriosis symptoms can start appearing around the time of menarche.
322	Estrogen	Female Hormone	A hormone that regulates the female reproductive system. Endometriosis is influenced by estrogen, and treatments often aim to reduce estrogen levels to manage symptoms.
323	Pelvic mass	Lump in the Pelvic Area	An abnormal growth or lump in the area between the hips, which can be caused by a variety of conditions such as cysts, tumors, or fibroids.
324	Blood clot	Blood Clot	A mass of blood that has changed from a liquid to a gel-like state, which can occur in blood vessels and potentially cause blockages.
325	Adnexal	Structures around the uterus	Refers to the structures adjacent to the uterus, such as the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
326	Fibroadipose	Fatty and Fibrous Tissue	Tissue that is composed of both fibrous (connective) tissue and fat.
327	Dyslplasia	Abnormal Cell Growth	The presence of abnormal cells within a tissue, which can sometimes be a precancerous condition.
328	Adenomyosis	Uterine Tissue Growth	A condition where the inner lining of the uterus breaks through the muscle wall of the uterus, causing pain and heavy periods.
329	Menses	Menstrual Period	The monthly shedding of the uterine lining in women, resulting in bleeding from the vagina.
330	Curettings	Scraped Tissue	Tissue that is removed from the uterus or other parts of the body using a surgical instrument called a curette.
331	Endocervical	Inside the Cervix	Refers to the inner part of the cervix, which is the lower, narrow end of the uterus.
332	Histopathologic	Tissue Disease Study	The microscopic examination of tissue to study the manifestations of disease.
333	Perirectal	Around the Rectum	Refers to the area surrounding the rectum.
334	Submesothelial	Under the Surface Lining	Located beneath the mesothelium, which is the layer of cells that lines certain internal cavities of the body.
335	Mesothelial	Surface Lining Cells	Cells that form the mesothelium, lining the chest, abdominal cavities, and covering the organs within these cavities.
336	Lobulated	Bumpy or lumpy appearance	Having a structure that is divided into small, rounded sections or lobes.
337	Fibromembraneous	Fibrous and Membrane-like	Tissue that is composed of both fibrous tissue and membrane-like structures.
338	ART	Fertility Treatments	The term used to describe several procedures used to bring about conception without sexual intercourse, including IUI, IVF, GIFT, and ZIFT
339	C-section	C-section	An operation to deliver a baby through a cut made in the tummy and womb. The cut is usually made across the tummy, just below your bikini line.
340	Cervical dysplasia	Abnormal Cervical Cells	Cells with abnormal aspect in the cervix that are not cancerous but sometimes develop into a cancer.
341	CBC	Blood Test	A routine blood test that analyses the three major types of cells in blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
342	COH	Fertility Hormone Treatment	COH is when there is close monitoring of the use of fertility drugs to stimulate a large number of follicles in the ovary to develop and ovulate.
343	D&C	Scraping of the Uterus	Surgical dilation of the cervix followed by surgical scraping of the interior of the uterine cavity with a currette (spoon-shaped surgical instrument) to remove growths (eg. pregnancy, tumours, etc) or diseased tissue.
344	DIE	Severe endometriosis	A severe form of endometriosis that penetrates deeply into the pelvic cells and organs
345	GnRH analogue	Hormone Therapy Drug	A class of drugs that are used to prevent the ovaries from releasing eggs too early during an In Vitro Fertilization cycle.
346	GnRH	Hormone regulator	Hormones that control the release of sex hormones from the hormone control center.
347	HSG	X-ray of Uterus and Fallopian Tubes	A specialised x-ray of the pelvic organs in which a radio-opaque dye is injected through the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes. This test checks for malformations of the uterus and blockage of the fallopian tubes
348	IVF	Lab-assisted pregnancy	A procedure in which eggs are fertilised by sperm outside the body.
349	Hormonal IUD	Hormonal IUD	An intrauterine device that releases hormones, used for managing menstrual symptoms including those from endometriosis.
350	MRI	Detailed body scan	Advanced imaging technique used to get detailed images of organs and tissues.
351	Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs	Anti-inflammatory drugs	Medications used to reduce pain and inflammation.
352	Oestrogen	Female Hormone	The female sex hormone produced in the ovary. Its production is signaled by the pituitary gland in the brain and is responsible for formation of the female secondary sex characteristics. It supports the growth of the follicle and the development of the uterine lining.
353	Estradiol	Female Hormone	The female sex hormone produced in the ovary. Its production is signaled by the pituitary gland in the brain and is responsible for formation of the female secondary sex characteristics. It supports the growth of the follicle and the development of the uterine lining.
354	PID	Pelvic infection	Infection of the female reproductive organs, sometimes confused with endometriosis.
355	Fimbrioplasty	Fallopian Tube Surgery	Surgical repair made to the fallopian tubes a procedure used to open the fimbria (finger-like projections located at the end of each fallopian tube, near the ovaries).
356	Quality of Life	Life satisfaction	A measure used to evaluate the general well-being of individuals and societies.
357	QOL	Life satisfaction	A measure used to evaluate the general well-being of individuals and societies.